Palabras clave
COVID-19
pandemia
supervivencia del injerto
supervivencia del paciente
ventilación mecánica
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: la enfermedad por coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) aumentó la mortalidad en pacientes con trasplante renal (TR) debido a inmunosupresión crónica y carga significativa de comorbilidad. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar la supervivencia del paciente y del injerto en receptores de TR hospitalizados o tratados en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) por COVID-19.
Métodos: estudio observacional retrospectivo en adultos receptores de TR diagnosticados con COVID-19 entre junio 1 a julio 31 de 2021. Reportamos variables demográficas, sintomatología, laboratorios y desenlaces a los 30 días del resultado positivo. Comparamos hospitalización general y UCI, identificando factores de riesgo asociados a mortalidad. La supervivencia del injerto y del paciente fueron calculadas con el método de Kaplan-Meier.
Resultados: se analizaron 55 pacientes, la edad y tener diabetes mostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos (p = 0,0124 y p = 0,0506 respectivamente). El análisis multivariante reveló que la diabetes (p = 0,002) y la necesidad de diálisis (p = 0,0006) se asociaron significativamente con mortalidad. La tasa de mortalidad global fue 25,5 %, con pérdida del injerto del 12,7 %. La supervivencia de los pacientes a 30 días de infección fue 74,5 %, siendo significativamente mayor en el grupo de hospitalización en salas (p = 0,0001) comparado con tratamiento en UCI.
Conclusión: los pacientes con TR diagnosticados con COVID-19 tienen mayor riesgo de mortalidad que la población general. Nuestro estudio encontró que el grupo en UCI experimentó peores desenlaces y tasas de mortalidad más altas. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de monitorear COVID-19 en pacientes con KT.
Citas
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