Palabras clave
nacimiento prematuro
método madre canguro
bajo peso al nacimiento
Cómo citar
Resumen
Contexto: el bajo peso al nacer (BPN) es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), aumentando su probabilidad de ocurrencia en la vida adulta hasta en 70% y duplicando el riesgo de ERC en edad pediátrica.
Objetivo: generar recomendaciones para la prevención de ERC en niños con BPN, con lo que se busca optimizar las estrategias de nefroprevención y seguimiento en dicha población.
Metodología: se realizó un consenso de expertos mediante el método Delphi modificado a partir de una búsqueda en los tópicos de interés en las fuentes de datos PubMed, Embase y Google Scholar, donde no hubo restricciones en la búsqueda por año, tipo de estudio o idioma.
Resultados: se formularon recomendaciones estructuradas en cinco estrategias: 1. reconocer los niños con BPN como población en riesgo de ERC; 2. favorecer un adecuado crecimiento en los niños con BPN a través de una nutrición óptima; 3. realizar un diagnóstico oportuno de lesión renal aguda (LRA) en los niños con BPN y estrategias de prevención y protección renal; 4. evaluación de la función renal en el periodo posnatal inmediato y 5. evaluación de la función renal durante los primeros dos años de vida y su seguimiento posterior.
Conclusiones: las recomendaciones propuestas permitirán definir oportunamente el riesgo de ERC en pacientes con bajo peso al nacimiento, facilitando la intervención temprana con medidas de nefroprevención y seguimiento de esta enfermedad.
Citas
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