High transtubular grandient hypokalemia: clinical case and a practical proposal for its approach
PDF (Español)
XML (Español)

Keywords

Hypokalemia; Bartter Syndrome; Gitelman Syndrome; potassium; electrolytes and hypercalciuria.
Hypokalemia
Bartter Syndrome
hypercalciuria
Gitelman Syndrome
electrolytes

How to Cite

1.
Torres S. R, Rosselli C, Olivares C, Olivares O, Rumpf PM, Pulido Medina C. High transtubular grandient hypokalemia: clinical case and a practical proposal for its approach. Rev. Colomb. Nefrol. [Internet]. 2021 May 27 [cited 2024 Mar. 28];8(2):e498. Available from: https://revistanefrologia.org/index.php/rcn/article/view/498

Abstract

Potassium is a predominantly intracelular ion involved in multiple essential functions to maintain celular homeostasis. Therefore, its variations at the plasma level are tightly regulated by the renal and endocrine systems; in addition to being affected by situations such as acidosis, changes in plasma osmolality and concentration of another electrolytes. Hypokalemia is a common electrolyte disorder in clinical practice affected by reporting excessive damage or loss. Its diagnostic approach requires a complete medical history that includes personal pathological and pharmacological history, a specific physical examination with certain conditions like patient´s blood volume and hydration status, as well as the measurement of other electrolytes at the plasma level and occasionally in urine. The thanstubuar potassium gradient is a useful tool to address posible causes. Bartter síndrome is one of the causes of elevated transtubular gradient hypokalemia. 

https://doi.org/10.22265/acnef.8.2.498
PDF (Español)
XML (Español)

References

1. Richard J. Johnson et, al. Comprehensive clinical nephrology. 2019; 9: 111-123
2. Chou-Long H, Kuo E. Mechanism of Hypokalemia in Magnesium Deficiency. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007; 18:2649-2652.
3. Cunha T, Pfeferman Heilberg I. Bartter syndrome: causes, diagnosis and treatment. International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease. 2018;11: 291–301
4. Palmer B. A Physiologic-Based Approach to the Evaluation of a Patient With Hypokalemia. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010; 56:1184-1190
5. Ho JM, Juurlink DN, Cavalcanti RB. Hypokalemia following polyethylene glycol-based bowel preparation for colonoscopy in older hospitalized patients with significant comorbidities. Ann Pharmacother. 2010;44(3):466-470.
6. Bartter FC, Pronove P, Gill JR Jr, MacCardle RC, Diller E. Hyperplasia of the yuxtaglomerular complex with hyperaldosteronism and hypokalemic alkalosis. Am J Med 1962; 33:811-28.
7. Lee BH, Cho HY, Lee H, et al. Genetic basis of Bartter syndrome in Korea. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012;27(4):1516-1521.
8. Cunha TDS, Heilberg IP. Bartter syndrome: causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2018;11:291-301.
9. Seys E, Andrini O, Keck M, et al. Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of Bartter Syndrome Type 3. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;28(8):2540-2552.
10. Shibli A, Narchi H. Bartter and Gitelman syndromes: Spectrum of clinical manifestations caused by different mutations. World J Methodol. 2015; 5: 55-61
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Dimensions


PlumX


Downloads

Download data is not yet available.