Abstract
Pneumococcal disease is defined as any infection caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae; it is called invasive when the isolation of this microorganism is confirmed in sites of the body that are normally sterile, such as blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and non-invasive when the infection occurs in sites of the body that are normally non-sterile. Chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus are important risk factors for the development of pneumococcal disease due to their status of immunosuppression; therefore, anti-pneumococcal vaccination is a fundamental preventive measure in patients who suffer from these conditions.
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