Keywords
kidney stones
metabolic Disease
Nephrolithiasis
diagnosis and laboratory examinations
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: Kidney stones are accumulations or mineral deposits that form in the calyces, renalpelvis, or urinary tract.
Purpose: To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a sample of patients withkidney stones over 18 years of age.
Methodology: Descriptive observational study. Patients treated in an outpatient nephrology and urology consultation in Manizales during the years 2010 to 2020, in which there were studies in blood,24-hour urine, and a physicochemical study of the stone, as well as related sociodemographic and clinical data. They were divided into groups, according to the findings found in the available stones,dividing into calcium oxalate in its entirety, calcium mixed with another compound and the last groupof non-calcium stone.
Results: 54 patients with nephrolithiasis were identified, 14 of them were excluded. Finally, 40 patientsmet the inclusion criteria. Median age was 52.5 years, male predominance (55 %), hyperuricemia wasfound in 20.5 %, hypercalcemia in 17.6 %, hyperphosphatemia in 5 % and hyperkalemia in 7.5 %. In urine, hypocitraturia was found in 71.1 %, followed by hypercalciuria (12.5 %), hyperuricosuria (10 %), andhyperoxaluria (5 %). In 17 patients (42.5 %) there was a result of the physicochemical composition of thestone, in them the mixed calcium variety was the most frequent (55.5 %).
Conclusions: This study describes the characteristics of patients with kidney stones, showing thatthe majority have metabolic alterations associated with nephrolithiasis, hypocitraturia being the mostfrequent finding, and that most stones have calcium in their composition.
References
Ziemba JB, Matlaga BR. Epidemiology and economics of nephrolithiasis. Investig Clin Urol.2017;58(5):299. https://doi.org/10.4111/icu.2017.58.5.299
Rodríguez CE. Análisis metabólico de los pacientes con litiasis renal. Papel de la hipocitraturia en la génesis de los cálculos de oxalato de calcio. Rev Fac Med. 1996;44(2):70-4.
Fwu CW, Eggers PW, Kimmel PL, Kusek JW, Kirkali Z. Emergency department visits,use of imaging, and drugs for urolithiasis have increased in the United States. Kidney Int.2013;83(3):479-86. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2012.419
Khan SR, Pearle MS, Robertson WG, Gambaro G, Canales BK, Doizi S,et al. Kidney stones.Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016;2:16008. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2016.8
Romero V, Akpinar H, Assimos DG. Kidney stones: a global picture of prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors. Rev Urol. 2010;12(2-3):e86-96.
Martín MA, Rodríguez AF, Ángel M, Polo A, Ruíz MJ, Zuluaga A. Estudio de factores FIsicoquímicos en pacientes con litiasis renal. 2006;6:583-94.
Song L, Maalouf N, Feingold K, Anawalt B, Boyce A, Chrousos G,et al. Nephrolithiasis.South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc; 2020.
Rodríguez-Rodríguez M, García-Cano A, Rosillo-Coronado M, Jiménez-Mendiguchía L. Litiasis urinaria: epidemiología y clasificación del cálculo urinario. Acta Bioquím Clín Lati-noam. 2018;52(1):15-21.
Chandhoke PS. Evaluation of the recurrent stone former. Urol Clin North Am.2007;34(3):315-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ucl.2007.04.007
Hornberger B, Bollner MR. Kidney stones. Physician Assist Clin. 2018;3:37-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpha.2017.08.006
Ordoñez J, De Reina G. (1981). Urolitiasis en Colombia. Acta Médica Colombiana.1981;6(3):271-8
Pieras E, Ruiz J, Vicens A, Frontera G, Grases F, Pizá P. Análisis multivariante de factores predictivos de evolución en litiasis renal. Actas Urol Esp. 2012;36(6):346-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acuro.2011.09.004
Pak CY, Poindexter JR, Adams-Huet B, Pearle MS. Predictive value of kidney stonecomposition in the detection of metabolic abnormalities. Am J Med. 2003;115(1):26-32.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(03)00201-8
Ma RH, Luo XB, Li Q, Zhong HQ. Systemic analysis of urinary stones from the Nort-hern, Eastern, Central, Southern and Southwest China by a multi-center study. BMC Urol.2018;18(1):114. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-018-0428-2
Chou YH, Li CC, Wu WJ, Juan YS, Huang SP, Lee YC,et al. Urinary stone analysis of 1,000patients in southern Taiwan. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2007;23(2):63-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1607-551X(09)70376-6
Kourambas J, Aslan P, Teh CL, Mathias BJ, Preminger GM. Role of stone analysis in metabolic evaluation and medical treatment of nephrolithiasis. J Endourol. 2001;15(2):181-6.https://doi.org/10.1089/089277901750134548
Esperto F, Marangella M, Trinchieri A, Petrarulo M, Miano R. A multiregional Italiancohort of 24-hour urine metabolic evaluation in renal stone formers. Minerva Urol Nefrol.2018;70(1):87-94. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0393-2249.17.02961-7
Licona-Vera ER, Pérez-Padilla RV, Torrens-Soto JE, Abuabara-Franco E, Caballero-Rodríguez LR, Cerda-Salcedo JE. Caracterización clínica y metabólica de pacientes con diagnóstico de urolitiasis en una clínica de cuarto nivel en la ciudad de Barranquilla en el año2019. Rev Col Nefrol. 2021;8(1):e458. https://doi.org/10.22265/acnef.8.1.472
Jing Z, GuoZeng W, Ning J, JiaWei Y, Yan G, Fang Y. Analysis of urinary calculi compo-sition by infrared spectroscopy: a prospective study of 625 patients in eastern China. UrolRes. 2010;38(2):111-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-010-0253-x
Spivacow FR, del Valle EE, Lores E, Rey PG. Kidney stones: Composition, frequency andrelation to metabolic diagnosis. Medicina. 2016;76(6):343-8
Spivacow FR, Valle E, Zancheta JR. Litiasis renal: materiales y métodos. 2006
éndez RA, Mancia CM, Comas RM, García FG, Moore AB. Trastornos metabólicos renales en pacientes cubanos adultos con litiasis urinarias. Rev Cubana Med. 2014;53(4):456-67.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.