Care at the end of life: primary care proposal for patients with advanced CKD

Abstract

Background: In the context of public health in Colombia, there has been a significant increase in the number of people diagnosed with chronic kidney disease and who require starting some type of renal replacement therapy and support. There are also other pathologies that reduce the quality of life of patients, such as cancer, heart failure and different types of dementia.

Purpose: Traditional models of renal disease care should be updated and consider, within their protocols, the recognition of life and dignified death as elements that emerge within the health-disease condition of patients; if this is addressed early, it is possible to prevent hospitalizations with prolonged stays, as well as mood alterations and other complications that can increase and accelerate the morbimortality of patients.

Methodology: This article is based on experience in the direct care of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease in a renal care center in the city of Medellin (Colombia) for 7 years and on the theoretical review of different texts and articles found in databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, EBSCO, Dialnet, SciELO, among others. 

Results: We offer a proposal of elements to evaluate the patient's health-disease condition by an interdisciplinary team, led by the nephrologist, for the design of the most adequate route of care in terms of cost-benefit for the patient and his family and for them to make decisions based on the information.

Conclusions: Investing in a primary care program in palliative and end-of-life care early is beneficial for the patient. Initiating an end-of-life care program does not mean giving up or suspending dialysis treatment; instead, it seeks to focus the care provided on the patient's needs and on the adequate control of the symptoms that may occur when the end-of-life stage begins.