Palabras clave
ecografía point-of-care
congestión sistémica
ultrasonografía
VExUS
lesión renal aguda
Cómo citar
Resumen
Contexto: la ecografía point-of-care (POCUS, según sus siglas en inglés) se ha posicionado como una herramienta no invasiva y efectiva para complementar el diagnóstico clínico de la congestión sistémica. Esta condición se presenta frecuentemente en patologías como lesión renal aguda, síndrome nefrótico y cirrosis, las herramientas que permiten precisar la evaluación de la congestión son cruciales para brindar un manejo clínico individualizado.
Objetivo: describir el uso de la ecografía POCUS en la identificación y el manejo de la congestión sistémica en adultos, teniendo en cuenta la medición de la vena yugular, la ecografía pulmonar y el sistema de clasificación de la congestión venosa por ultrasonido (VExUS, según sus siglas en inglés). Se describen brevemente algunas situaciones especiales, como lo son el síndrome nefrótico, la cirrosis y la lesión renal aguda.
Metodología: se realizó una revisión de alcance siguiendo el marco metodológico de Arksey y O'Malley, y la guía PRISMA-ScR. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library y Lilacs.
Resultados: POCUS permite identificar signos de congestión sistémica en múltiples territorios, incluyendo: vena yugular, pulmones, venas abdominales (como porta, renal y suprahepática), entre otros. Su aplicación facilita la caracterización del estado hemodinámico y puede contribuir al seguimiento de la respuesta clínica al tratamiento descongestivo.
Conclusiones: POCUS es una herramienta valiosa y versátil para la evaluación integral de la congestión sistémica, brindando información vital para guiar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento, mejorando potencialmente los resultados clínicos en pacientes críticos.
Citas
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