Palabras clave
cirugía
periodo perioperatorio
Cómo citar
Resumen
Contexto: la hiponatremia posoperatoria es una complicación frecuente que se encuentra hasta en el 4?% de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía y que además es un factor independiente de mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Hasta ahora, los estudios se enfocan en las primeras horas posteriores a la cirugía, existiendo poca literatura que abarque hasta el periodo posoperatorio tardío.
Objetivo: evaluar la frecuencia y las características de hiponatremia en la primera semana posoperatoria.
Metodología: se incluyeron pacientes sometidos a cirugía mayor durante un periodo de 18 meses. Se determinó el nivel de sodio a las 24 horas, al tercer, quinto y séptimo día del procedimiento. Se clasificó de acuerdo con el tipo de cirugía realizada y se documentó la presencia de datos clínicos y desenlaces de los pacientes.
Resultados: 280 pacientes fueron estudiados, de los cuales 20 (7,1?%) desarrollaron hiponatremia durante el primer día posoperatorio, 34 (12,1?%) en el tercero, 30 (10,7?%) en el quinto día y 31 (11?%) en el séptimo día. En el primer día posoperatorio, los pacientes sometidos a cirugías urológicas y gastrointestinales desarrollaron hiponatremia con mayor frecuencia. Ninguno de los pacientes desarrolló complicaciones graves y no hubo relación entre la edad, el género o el tipo de soluciones y el desarrollo de hiponatremia.
Conclusiones: la hiponatremia es una complicación frecuente de varios tipos de procedimientos quirúrgicos que puede desarrollarse en los primeros siete días posoperatorios.
Citas
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