Keywords
Hypertension
Glomerulonephritis
Nephrotic
Nephritic
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: Renal disorders require a renal biopsy for accurate diagnosis, effective treatment planning, and assessing the extent of active and chronic histologic changes.
Objective: To evaluate the spectrum of renal diseases diagnosed by renal biopsy and its clinical correlation.
Methodology: This was a four-year retrospective study carried out from January 2019 to December 2022 at Ain Shams University Hospitals. Patients’ demographic data and clinical presentations were extracted from available data sheets. All specimens were examined using light and electron microscopy and stained with immunofluorescence or immunohistochemical techniques. The results were organized according to the most recent classification system.
Results: A total of 1851 renal biopsy specimens were studied (52.4% males), with a mean patient age of 38.43±14.83 years. 346 patients (18.7%) presented nephrotic syndrome, and 322 patients (17.4%) had lupus nephritis as a secondary complication. The majority of patients with glomerulonephritis had hypertensive nephrosclerosis; 694 patients (37.5%) had membranous glomerulonephritis. 124 patients (6.7%) were diagnosed with IgA nephropathy. Most of them presented with asymptomatic hematuria. 52 patients (2.8%) were diagnosed with thrombotic microangiopathy, all of them presented with acute kidney injury. 35 patients (1.9%) were diagnosed with tubulointerstitial diseases; however, it was associated with other renal pathology diagnoses.
Conclusion: The most frequently observed diagnosis was hypertensive nephrosclerosis, with lupus nephritis being the most prevalent form of secondary glomerulonephritis. Membranous glomerulonephritis was the most common kind of primary glomerulonephritis.
References
Yim T, Kim SU, Park S, Lim JH, Jung HY, Cho JH, et al. Patterns in renal diseases diagnosed by kidney biopsy: A single-center experience. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2020;39(1):60-9. https://doi.org/10.23876/j.krcp.19.077
Howell DN, Herrera GA. Electron microscopy in renal pathology: Overall applications and guidelines for tissue, collection, preparation, and stains. Ultrastruct Pathol. 2021;45(1):1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/01913123.2020.1854407
Kumar S, Kumari A, Agrawal SC. Pattern of kidney diseases in northern India: An overview through histopathological findings in biopsy-proven cases. Egypt J Intern Med. 2020;32:22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-020-00021-0
Nie P, Chen R, Luo M, Dong C, Chen L, Liu J, et al. Clinical and pathological analysis of 4910 patients who received renal biopsies at a single center in northeast China. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019(1):6869179. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6869179
Haas M, Rastaldi MP, Fervenza FC. Histologic classification of glomerular diseases: Clinicopathologic correlations, limitations exposed by validation studies, and suggestions for modification. Kidney Int. 2014;85(4):779-93. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2013.375
Hu R, Quan S, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Liu L, et al. Spectrum of biopsy proven renal diseases in central China: A 10-year retrospective study based on 34,630 cases. Sci Rep. 2020;10:10994. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67910-w
Manjunath SS, Chetan CS, Manoj C, Satish S, Krishnamurthy K, Gangadhar C. Spectrum of biopsy-proven kidney diseases at a tertiary care hospital in south India. J Egypt Soc Nephro Transpl. 2018;18(4):126-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_12_18
Thomé GG, Bianchini T, Bringhenti RN, Schaefer PG, Barros EJG, Veronese FV. The spectrum of biopsy-proven glomerular diseases in a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil. BMC Nephrol. 2021;22:414. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-021-02603-8
Mahajan C, Tiwari V, Divyaveer SS, Patil MR, Banerjee A, Bagur V, et al. Spectrum of renal biopsies: A three-year data from a tertiary care centre of eastern India. J Nephropharmacol. 2020;9(2):e20-e. https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2020.20
Perkowska-Ptasinska A, Bartczak A, Wagrowska-Danilewicz M, Halon A, Okon K, Wozniak A, et al. Clinicopathologic correlations of renal pathology in the adult population of Poland. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017;32(suppl_2):ii209-ii18. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfw365
Muthukuda C, Suriyakumara V, Sosai C, Samarathunga T, Laxman M, Marasinghe A. Clinicopathological spectrum of biopsy-proven renal diseases of patients at a single center in Sri Lanka: A cross sectional retrospective review. BMC Nephrol. 2023;24:181. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-023-03217-y
Dhanapalan A, Govindasamy N, Moses TL, Arumugam V, Bhagavatula S, Sulthan SA, et al. Pos-140 spectrum of biopsy proven renal diseases in south India - a single center experience. Kidney Int Rep. 2021;6(4):S56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2021.03.150
Bobart SA, Portalatin G, Sawaf H, Shettigar S, Carrion-Rodriguez A, Hong L, et al. The Cleveland Clinic kidney biopsy epidemiological project. Kidney360. 2022;3(12):2077-85. https://doi.org/10.34067/KID.0005882022
Nili F, Farahani E, Moghimian M, Jahanzad I, Minoo FS, Salarvand S, et al. Spectrum and distribution of biopsy-proven kidney diseases: A 12-year survey of a single center in Iran. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2023;34(4):346-54. https://doi.org/10.4103/1319-2442.395451
El-Hameed A, Riyadh A, Ghonimi TA, Soliman SA, Elsayed IA. Role of kidney biopsy in diagnosis of different patterns of kidney diseases: A single-center experience. Zagazig Univ Med J. 2023;29(2):679-89. https://doi.org/10.21608/zumj.2023.179489.2698
Lim BJ. The spectrum of biopsy-proven renal diseases in Korea. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2020;39(1):1-3. https://doi.org/10.23876/j.krcp.20.019
Hamza WM, Shaker AM. Causes and pathological characteristics of native renal thrombotic microangiopathy in an Egyptian population with clinical correlation. Egypt J Pathol. 2023;43(1):14-28. https://doi.org/10.4103/egjp.egjp_11_22
Katsuno T, Ito Y, Kagami S, Kitamura H, Maruyama S, Shimizu A, et al. A nationwide cross-sectional analysis of thrombotic microangiopathy in the Japan renal biopsy registry (J-RBR). Clin Exp Nephrol. 2020;24:789-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-020-01896-7
AbdElHady MS, Koraei AF, Salem MA, Baddour NM, Nienaa YA. Renal biopsy registry in Alexandria area. J Egypt Soc Nephrol Transpl. 2019;19(4):109-17. https://doi.org/10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_23_19
Stompor T, Perkowska-Ptasi?ska A. Hypertensive kidney disease: A true epidemic or rare disease. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2020;130(2):130-9. https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.15150
Barsoum RS, Francis MR. Spectrum of glomerulonephritis in Egypt. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2000;11(3):421-9.
Ibrahim S, Fayed A. The incidence of biopsy-proven glomerulonephritis in Cairo University, Egypt: A 5-year study. NDT plus. 2009;2(5):431-2. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndtplus/sfp070
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.