Palabras clave
nefropatía
albúmina sérica glicosilada
hemoglobina glicosilada
glicosilación
Cómo citar
Resumen
Contexto: los biomarcadores son ampliamente empleados para monitorear complicaciones de diversas enfermedades crónico-degenerativas como la diabetes mellitus (DM) y también son parte de un campo de profundo dinamismo, en el cual ha habido importantes avances metodológicos y se han empleado nuevas técnicas analíticas para su determinación e interpretación. Las complicaciones renales relacionadas con DM representan un desafío en la práctica médica, debido a la elevada tasa de mortalidad que generan. Por su parte, la hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) ha sido, por larga data, un biomarcador de gran importancia. En la actualidad, también se emplea la albúmina glicosilada (AG), sin embargo, existe divergencia en su uso.
Objetivo: se realizó una revisión sistemática, con el objetivo de evaluar los beneficios de ambos biomarcadores paraclínicos, instaurando criterios de inclusión para tal fin.
Metodología: se establecieron los descriptores MeSH y, una vez realizada la búsqueda bibliográfica, se procedió a realizar el flujograma propuesto por la declaración Prisma y a sintetizar los principales hallazgos.
Resultados: se seleccionaron 15 manuscritos que mostraron que la AG es un parámetro emergente que puede determinar, con una mayor sensibilidad y especificidad, la progresión hacia los estadios más avanzados de la enfermedad renal y la mortalidad en pacientes diabéticos, aunque posee desventajas con respecto a la HbA1c, como la ausencia de un rango de referencia y la falta de su uso continuo en los laboratorios de rutina, debido a la metodología inherente.
Conclusiones: la HbA1c continúa siendo el biomarcador de mayor uso, sin embargo, debe promoverse el uso de la AG como una nueva herramienta de utilidad en el manejo de los pacientes diabéticos nefrópatas.
Citas
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