Prevalence of anemia and incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with stage 4 chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a public health problem worldwide and has shown an increase in the incidence and prevalence of kidney patients in Panama. Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in this population and as kidney function decreases and the estimated glomerular filtration rate is less than 30 ml/min, the percentage of patients who present some degree of anemia increases, which contributes to the increase in risk of cardiovascular events, which are associated with a worse prognosis in these patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of anemia and the incidence of cardiovascular events in the population of patients with stage 4 chronic kidney disease.

Methodology: This study reports a retrospective cohort of 106 patients with a diagnosis of stage 4 chronic kidney disease evaluated in the Nephrology Outpatient Clinic of the Dr. Gustavo N. Collado Hospital, with the objective of evaluating the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with Anemia.

Results: 57% of the patients had Hb less than 11 g/dL and 35% had severe anemia with hemoglobin less than 10 g/dL. The most common causes of chronic kidney disease were hypertension in 87% of the patients and type 2 diabetes mellitus in 43%. 85% of the patients in the study group presented some cardiovascular event, 35% in the group with Hb greater than 10.1. g/dL and 50% in the group with Hb less than 10 g/dL.

Conclusions: In the group with Hb less than 10 g/dL, cardiovascular events occurred in the group with greater loss of glomerular filtration, so avoiding the progression of kidney disease should be the most important strategy to implement in all centers. of primary care and the optimization of hemoglobin values ??during management in stage 4 could be beneficial in reducing cardiovascular risk before the start of dialysis.